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Newton's law has later been superseded by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, but the universality of the gravitational constant is intact and the law still continues to be used as an excellent approximation of the effects of gravity in most applications.
Newton’s law of gravitation, statement that any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them. Isaac Newton put forward the law in 1687.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jun 21, 2024 · Gravity - Newton's Law, Universal Force, Mass Attraction: Newton discovered the relationship between the motion of the Moon and the motion of a body falling freely on Earth. By his dynamical and gravitational theories, he explained Kepler’s laws and established the modern quantitative science of gravitation.
However, for most applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force causing any two bodies to be attracted toward each other, with magnitude proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Learn how Newton defined the force of gravity and its mathematical formula, and how it applies to objects with mass. Explore the concepts of gravitational field, potential energy, and center of gravity.
Learn the equation and meaning of gravitational force, field, and mass, and how they relate to Newton's law of universal gravitation. See examples, questions, and tips on this topic aligned to NGSS standards.
We use Newton’s law of gravitation to determine the force between them and then use Newton’s second law to find the acceleration of each. For the estimate, we assume this acceleration is constant, and we use the constant-acceleration equations from Motion along a Straight Line to find the time and speed of the collision.
