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- Dictionarytranscription/tranˈskrɪpʃən/
noun
- 1. a written or printed version of something; a transcript: "they produced a complete transcription of the journals"
- 2. an arrangement of a piece of music for a different instrument, voice, or group of these: "a transcription for voice and lute"
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Transcription is a written record of words or music, or the process of transcribing something. Learn more about the meaning, usage and pronunciation of transcription with examples from the Cambridge English Corpus.
- English (US)
TRANSCRIPTION meaning: 1. a written record of words or...
- Znaczenie Transcription, Definicja W Cambridge English Dictionary
transcription definicja: 1. a written record of words or...
- Simplified
TRANSCRIPTION translate: （话语或乐曲的）文字记录，文字本，抄本, 记录;抄写. Learn...
- Traditional
TRANSCRIPTION translate: （話語或樂曲的）文字記錄，文字本，抄本, 記錄;抄寫. Learn...
- Transducer
TRANSDUCER definition: 1. any electronic device that changes...
- Transcriptional
Examples of how to use “transcriptional” in a sentence from...
- Phonetic
PHONETIC definition: 1. using special signs to represent the...
- Cambridge English Dictionary에서의 의미
TRANSCRIPTION 의미, 정의, TRANSCRIPTION의 정의: 1. a written record...
- English (US)
Learn the meaning of transcription as an act, process, or instance of transcribing, or as a biological process of forming messenger RNA from DNA. See examples, synonyms, word history, and related phrases of transcription.
Jun 14, 2024 · Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA, which is the first step of genetic expression. Learn how transcription occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and how it is regulated by promoters, repressors, and activators.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Overview
- Key points:
- Introduction
- Overview of transcription
- RNA polymerase
- Stages of transcription
- Eukaryotic RNA modifications
- Transcription happens for individual genes
In transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed (copied out) to make an RNA molecule.
•Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule.
•Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).
•Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
•In eukaryotes, RNA molecules must be processed after transcription: they are spliced and have a 5' cap and poly-A tail put on their ends.
Have you ever had to transcribe something? Maybe someone left a message on your voicemail, and you had to write it down on paper. Or maybe you took notes in class, then rewrote them neatly to help you review.
As these examples show, transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. Transcription is something we do in our everyday lives, and it's also something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. In biology, transcription is the process of copying out the DNA sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of RNA.
Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein ...
The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3' end of the strand.
Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
1.Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
2.Elongation. One strand of DNA, the template strand, acts as a template for RNA polymerase. As it "reads" this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5' to 3'. The RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
[What do 5' and 3' mean?]
In bacteria, RNA transcripts can act as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) right away. In eukaryotes, the transcript of a protein-coding gene is called a pre-mRNA and must go through extra processing before it can direct translation.
•Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs must have their ends modified, by addition of a 5' cap (at the beginning) and 3' poly-A tail (at the end).
•Many eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo splicing. In this process, parts of the pre-mRNA (called introns) are chopped out, and the remaining pieces (called exons) are stuck back together.
End modifications increase the stability of the mRNA, while splicing gives the mRNA its correct sequence. (If the introns are not removed, they'll be translated along with the exons, producing a "gibberish" polypeptide.)
Not all genes are transcribed all the time. Instead, transcription is controlled individually for each gene (or, in bacteria, for small groups of genes that are transcribed together). Cells carefully regulate transcription, transcribing just the genes whose products are needed at a particular moment.
For example, the diagram below shows a "snapshot" of an imaginary cell's RNAs at a given moment in time. In this cell, genes 1, 2 and 3, are transcribed, while gene 4 is not. Also, genes 1, 2, and 3 are transcribed at different levels, meaning that different numbers of RNA molecules are made for each.
In the following articles, we'll take a more in-depth look at RNA polymerase, the stages of transcription, and the process of RNA modification in eukaryotes. We'll also consider some important differences between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription.
[References]
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins produce messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
Apr 7, 2019 · Transcription is the first step of gene expression where an RNA polymer is created from a DNA template. Learn about the mechanism, function and types of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
4 days ago · Transcription, as related to genomics, is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. This copy, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the gene’s protein information encoded in DNA.
