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  1. The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline case) was an international incident involving the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Canadas which started in 1837 and lasted until 1842. While ultimately a minor historical event, it eventually acquired substantial international legal significance.

  2. Aug 28, 2018 · The Caroline Affair was a border dispute between the United States and Britain in 1837 that involved a raid on a U.S. steamer by Canadian militia. The book by Craig Forcese explores the historical and legal context of the incident and its influence on the law of self-defense.

  3. Jul 19, 2022 · This study will explore the famous case called the Caroline Affair (The Caroline Case). The Caroline case is dominant in international customary law because the doctrine arises out of the case called the doctrine of self-defence.

  4. The Caroline test is a 19th-century formulation of customary international law, reaffirmed by the Nuremberg Tribunal after World War II, which said that the necessity for preemptive self-defense must be "instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation."

  5. The Caroline Case was a dispute between the United States and Britain over the destruction of a US steamer by Canadian insurgents in 1837. The web page provides the historical background, the diplomatic correspondence, and the legal analysis of the case.

  6. Learn about the historical incident in which British militia attacked a US vessel on the Niagara River, and the diplomatic exchange that followed. The chapter explores the legal implications of the Caroline formula for self-defence, necessity and proportionality.

  7. A libel for a forfeiture of a vessel seized for violating the slave trade acts of Congress. The court held that the libel must be particular and certain in all the material circumstances and that the vessel was forfeited to the United States.