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Rumsfeld's statement brought attention to the concepts of known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns, but national security and intelligence professionals have long used an analysis technique referred to as the Johari window.
Mar 27, 2014 · Rumsfeld's Knowns and Unknowns: The Intellectual History of a Quip. How will posterity remember the secretary of defense's most famous soundbite? That's a known unknown. By David A. Graham....
- David A. Graham
Mar 1, 2009 · In February 2002, Donald Rumsfeld, the then US Secretary of State for Defence, stated at a Defence Department briefing: ‘There are known knowns. There are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we now know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns.
- David C. Logan
- 2009
In 2002, during a press briefing about the Iraq War, Donald Rumsfeld famously divided information into four categories: known knowns, known unknowns, unknown knowns, and unknown unknowns. These distinctions became the basis for the Rumsfeld Matrix, a decision-making framework that maps and evaluates the various degrees of certainty and uncertainty.
Dec 12, 2020 · Rumsfeld said that “[k]nown knowns are facts, rules, and laws that we know with certainty”. For example, “[w]e know [that] gravity is what makes an object fall to the ground”. (1) is ...
- Paul Austin Murphy
Sep 1, 2005 · At a February 12, 2002, news briefing, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld explained the limitations of intelligence reports: "There are known knowns. There are things we know we know. We...
Jul 1, 2021 · “There are known knowns — there are things we know we know,” Rumsfeld said in February 2002, when asked for evidence that Saddam Hussein tried to supply weapons of mass destruction to ...
