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3 days ago · The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, Mu'awiya I, had originally been governor of the junds (military districts) of Damascus ( Dimashq) and Jordan ( al-Urdunn) in 639 before gaining authority over the rest of Syria's junds during the caliphate of Uthman (644–656), a member of the Umayyad family.
1 day ago · The Battle of Siffin ( Arabic: مَعْرَكَة صِفِّينَ, romanized : Maʿraka Ṣiffīn) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the rebellious governor of Syria Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The battle is named after its location Siffin on the banks of the Euphrates. The fighting stopped ...
2 days ago · Mu'awiya is commonly viewed as the instigator in the murder of Hasan, which removed an obstacle to the succession of his son Yazid I ( r. 680–683 ). Critics of Hasan call his treaty with Mu'awiya an indication of weakness, saying that he intended to surrender from the beginning.
5 days ago · The Battle of al-Harrah, fought in 683 CE, stands as a pivotal yet often overlooked conflict in early Islamic history. This battle occurred during the tumultuous period of the Umayyad Caliphate, following the death of the first Umayyad Caliph, Muawiya I, and the succession of his son Yazid I. Marked by severe political and social unrest, the Battle of al-Harra epitomized the resistance against ...
3 days ago · For example, Stroumsa notes theological parallels post-Constantinian emperors of Rome as lawgivers in the image of Moses, and representatives of God on earth, and of the post-Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad as Caliphs of God’s prophet. 64 And even before the Abbasids, Hughes and Zellentin points out how especially the Caliphs Mu’awiya and Abd al-Malik can be attributed with reorganizing the ...
3 days ago · Under pressure from Mu’awiya, Hassan abdicated as caliph after eight months in office. Similarly, the first group of foreign nationals to be naturalised in late 2021 under a new decree that opened the door to Saudi citizenship to high-end achievers in law, medicine, science, technology, culture, and sport suggested that Bin Salman saw religion as an equally important arena in the competition ...
5 days ago · The development of my thinking about law has been stimulated by participation in the Amherst Seminar. I have benefited from comments on an earlier draft of this paper by Sally Merry and Barbara Yngvesson, and by Stefania Pandolfo and Uday Mehta, and helpful comments at a later stage were provided by members of the seminar, especially Adelaide Villmoare and Christine Harrington, and by two ...
