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Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide ( α- Al 2 O 3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, cobalt, lead, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, boron, and silicon.
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Learn about sapphire, a corundum variety that comes in various colors and has a rich history and lore. Find out how to identify, evaluate, and appreciate sapphire with GIA's comprehensive guide, photos, videos, and research articles.
Learn everything about sapphires, from their mineral composition and origin to their symbolism and value. Explore the different colors, shapes, cuts, and treatments of natural and lab-grown sapphires, and find out how to choose the perfect one for you.
- Colors of Sapphire. Sapphire is generally known as a blue gemstone but surprisingly it comes in a wide range of colors and quality variations. In general, the more intense and uniform the color is, the more valuable the stone.
- Sapphire Clarity. Blue sapphires typically have some inclusions, but they generally have better clarity than rubies. Blue sapphires with extremely high clarity are rare, and very valuable.
- Star Sapphire. Star sapphires and star rubies belong to the phenomenal corundum category. The star effect is called asterism. It’s caused by reflections from tiny, needle-like inclusions that are oriented in several specific directions.
- Sapphire Cut. Oval shapes with triangular and kite-shaped facets on the gem's crown (top portion) and parallel rectangular facets on the gem's pavilion (bottom portion) are very common for corundum of all colors.
Learn about the different colors, varieties, and properties of sapphire, a gemstone in the corundum family. Find out how sapphire gets its color, its rarity, and its star and color-change effects.
Sapphire is a variety of corundum, a mineral with high hardness and various colors, mainly blue. Learn about its sources, treatments, cuts, and synthetic forms from Britannica.
