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Ingenuus was a Roman military commander, the imperial legate in Pannonia, [citation needed] who became a usurper to the throne of the emperor Gallienus when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260.
Ingenui or ingenuitas (singular ingenuus), was a legal term of ancient Rome indicating freemen who were born free, as distinct from freedmen who had once been slaves. [1] In ancient Rome , free men were either ingenui or libertini .
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From Proto-Italic *enge(gə)nwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”) + *ǵeǵn̥h₁wṓs, participle of *ǵeǵónh₁e; related to gignō. Equivalent to in- + gignō + -uus. See also indigenus.
(Classical Latin) IPA(key): /inˈɡe.nu.us/, [ɪŋˈɡɛnuʊs̠](modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈd͡ʒe.nu.us/, [in̠ʲˈd͡ʒɛːnuːs]ingenuus (feminine ingenua, neuter ingenuum); first/second-declensionadjective 1. natural, indigenous 2. freeborn 3. noble, upright, frank, candid, ingenuous 4. delicate, tender
“ingenuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press“ingenuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & BrothersCarl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.INGENUUS Ingenuus, like most Roman terms signifying a personal status, has had a history of its own. Its meaning is only distinctly expressed for us in the later developments of Roman law; but we have strong reasons for believing that the meaning there given was not the earliest it bore.
The answer I am looking for would take each of the words (ingenuus and ingeniōsus), break it to its constituent parts, identify those parts by meaning and usage, say what was the probable first application of the word, and if possible trace how that might have expanded to the more figurative senses.
Ingenuus was a Roman military commander, the imperial legate in Pannonia, who became a usurper to the throne of the emperor Gallienus when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260. Appointed by Gallienus himself, Ingenuus served him well by repulsing a Sarmatian invasion and securing the Pannonian border, at least temporarily.
Ingenuus (260 A.D.) William Leadbetter. Ingenuus was one of the many alternative claimants to the imperial purple with whom Gallienus had to deal in the course of his fifteen-year reign (253-268 A.D.). He was evidently appointed to a senior command in Pannonia by Gallienus himself .
