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- Adenosine Triphosphate Definition
- Structure of ATP
- Functions of ATP
- ATP, ADP, Amp, Camp
- Related Biology Terms
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Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is an end product of the processes of photophosphorylation (adding a phosphate group to a molecule using energy from light), cellular respiration, and fermentation. All living things use ATP. In addition to b...
This is a structural diagram of ATP. It is made up of the molecule adenosine (which itself is made up of adenine and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups. It is soluble in water and has a high energy content due to having two phosphoanhydride bonds connecting the three phosphate groups.
Energy Source
ATP is the main carrier of energy that is used for all cellular activities. When ATP is hydrolyzed and converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), energy is released. The removal of one phosphate group releases 7.3 kilocalories per mole, or 30.6 kilojoules per mole, under standard conditions. This energy powers all reactions that take place inside the cell. ADP can also be converted back into ATP so that the energy is available for other cellular reactions. ATP is produced through several diffe...
Signal Transduction
ATP is a signaling molecule used for cell communication. Kinases, which are enzymes that phosphorylate molecules, use ATP as a source of phosphate groups. Kinases are important for signal transduction, which is how a physical or chemical signal is transmitted from receptors on the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell. Once the signal is inside the cell, the cell can respond appropriately. Cells may be given signals to grow, metabolize, differentiate into specific types, or even die.
DNA Synthesis
The nucleobase adenine is part of adenosine, a molecule that is formed from ATP and put directly into RNA. The other nucleobases in RNA, cytosine, guanine, and uracil, are similarly formed from CTP, GTP, and UTP. Adenine is also found in DNA, and its incorporation is very similar, except ATP is converted into the form deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) before becoming part of a DNA strand.
Other molecules are related to ATP and have similar names, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and cyclic AMP (cAMP). In order to avoid confusion, it is important to know some differences between these molecules.
Cellular respiration– Energy from nutrients is converted into ATP.Signal transduction– The transmission of signals from a cell’s outside to its inside.Hydrolysis– Breaking a bond in a molecule and splitting it into smaller molecules through a reaction with water.Kinase– An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule.1. How can ATP be produced? A. Fermentation B. Cellular respiration C. Photophosphorylation D.All of the above 2. Where is ATP made in the cell? A. Mitochondria B. Nucleus C. Ribosomes D.Endoplasmic reticulum 3. Adenine is found in what type of genetic material? A. DNA B. RNA C. Both DNA and RNA D.Neither DNA nor RNA
ATP is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is involved in various processes such as signal transduction and DNA synthesis. Learn about its structure, functions, and related molecules such as ADP, AMP, and cAMP.
Nov 4, 2022 · Learn what ATP is, how it works, how it's made, and why it's important for all living cells. Find out how ATP is involved in cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and exercise.
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Interactive animation of the structure of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
