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The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic [b] (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic [8] and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, [9] and unofficially as Soviet Russia, [10] was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous ...
Moscow was the capital of both the RSFSR and the USSR as a whole. Situated in Eastern Europe and North Asia, the RSFSR was surrounded on the east, north, and northwest by the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic Oceans.
- Russia
- Ukraine
- Belarus
- Moldova
- Kazakhstan
- The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
- Central Asian Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
- Transcaucasian Countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia
After the Soviet Union dissolved, its preeminent republic endured political dysfunction and struggled to privatize its central command economy. While oligarchs accumulated great wealth, most Russians faced high inflation and supply shortages. A year after Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin ended a 1993 constitutional crisis by ordering the ...
Once known as Europe’s breadbasketfor its plentiful wheat fields, Ukraine accounted for a quarter of the USSR’s agricultural production. Since independence, the country’s politics have lurched between pro-Russian and pro-European governments. In 1994 Ukraine became the first former Soviet republic to peaceably transfer power through an election, an...
Soviet vestiges such as the KGB and a highly centralized economy have endured in post-independence Belarus. The country’s only post-Soviet president, Alexander Lukashenko, consolidated near-absolute power through a repressive regime that has allegedly rigged elections, jailed political opponents and silenced the press. A founding republic of the US...
The Moldavian SSR joined the Soviet Union in 1940 after the USSR annexed it following its secret 1939 non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany. After independence, pro-Russian and pro-EU politicians have vied for control of Moldova. While political turmoil and endemic corruption have kept Moldova among Europe’s poorest countries, it has moved cautious...
Under the rule of Nikita Khrushchev, the Kazakh SSR, which became a republic in 1936, was colonized with Slavic settlers who farmed wheat on its grasslands and became the epicenter of the country’s space program. Following independence, Kazakhstan privatized its economy, which grew tenfold in two decades due to oil reserves larger than those of any...
As part of its secret 1939 non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union seized the independent Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and absorbed them as new republics in 1940. Following a three-year occupation by the Nazis that left hundreds of thousands of citizens, most of them Jewish, dead, Baltic suffering continued after t...
The Turkmen and Uzbek SSRs joined the Soviet Union in 1925, followed by the Tajik SSR in 1929 and the Kirghiz SSR in 1936. Soviet leaders transformed the majority-Muslim region through forced collectivization of agriculture, which produced devastating famines in 1930s, and the encouragement of Russian immigration. Following independence, strongmen ...
After joining the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SSR, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia became separate union republics in 1936. Soviet rule brought urbanization and industrialization to the formerly agricultural region. As the Soviet state weakened in the late 1980s, tensions flared between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a...
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, romanized: Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə sɐˈvʲetskəjə fʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjə sətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] (listen)), also known as the Russ...
Its capital and largest city was Moscow. The Soviet Union's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917. The new government, led by Vladimir Lenin, established the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), [z] the world's first constitutionally socialist state.
During the times when the USSR existed (1922-1991), the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) existed inside the USSR.
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), with its capital in Moscow, was the center around which the new state was formed. In 1920, treaties of unity were signed...
