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Donald A. Schön – 1983. Introduction. Schön’s work revolves around the learning process in ‘the professions’ and is a reaction to the Model of Technical Rationality, which is the reverse of the ‘Reflection in Action’ approach he proposes.
A leading M.I.T. social scientist and consultant examines five professions - engineering, architecture, management, psychotherapy, and town planning - to show how professionals really go about solving problems.
- Donald A. Schön
- London
- 1986
- Donald Schon
- Public and Private Learning, and The Learning Society
- Double-Loop Learning and Theories in Use
- The Reflective Practitioner – Reflection-In- and –On-Action
- Conclusion
- Further Reading and References
- References
- Links
Donald Schon was born in Boston in 1930 and raised in Brookline and Worcester. He graduated from Yale in 1951 (Phi Beta Kappa), where he studied philosophy. He was also a student at the Sorbonne, Paris and Conservatoire Nationale de Music, where he studied clarinet and was awarded the Premier Prix. After graduating, he received the Woodrow Wilson F...
While it is Donald Schon’s work on organizational learning and reflective practice that tends to receive the most attention in the literature, his exploration of the nature of learning systems and the significance of learning in changing societies has helped to define debates around the so called ‘learning society’. Indeed, Stewart Ranson (1998: 2)...
Donald Schon’s work on learning systems fed nicely into a very significant collaboration with Chris Argyris around professional effectiveness and organizational learning. Their (1974) starting point was that people have mental maps with regard to how to act in situations. This involves the way they plan, implement and review their actions. Furtherm...
Donald Schon’s third great contribution was to bring ‘reflection’ into the centre of an understanding of what professionals do. The opening salvo of The Reflective Practitioner (1983) is directed against ‘technical-rationality’ as the grounding of professional knowledge. Usher et. al. (1997: 143) sum up well the crisis he identifies. Technical-rati...
The impact of Donald Schon’s work on reflective practice has been significant – with many training and education programmes for teachers and informal educators adopting his core notions both in organizing experiences and in the teaching content. Indeed, there is a very real sense in which his work on reflective practice has become ‘canonical’ – fre...
Argyris, M. and Schön, D. (1974) Theory in Practice. Increasing professional effectiveness, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Landmark statement of ‘double-loop’ learning’ and distinction between espoused theory and theory-in-action. Schön, D. A. (1973) Beyond the Stable State. Public and private learning in a changing society, Harmondsworth: Penguin. 23...
Anderson, L. (1997) Argyris and Schön’s theory on congruence and learning [On line]. Was available at http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/arr/argyris.html Argyris, C. and Schön, D. (1974) Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1978) Organizational learning: A theory of action ...
Schön – Educating the reflective practitioner. Address to the 1987 meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Acknowledgement: The picture of The Reflective Practitioner is by .nele and is reproduced here under a Creative Commons licence (Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic) – flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/snenad...
We examine the work of Donald Schön and Martin Heidegger and agree with these authors’ suggestions that technical rationality and modern technology are not the way to achieve good practice in the human services.
This unarticulated, largely unexamined process is the subject of Schön's provocatively original book, an effort to show precisely how " reflection-inaction " works and how this vital creativity might be fostered in future professionals.
- Robert Lambourne
Schoen Smith is known for Giving Voice (2020), American Street Kid (2016) and Chicago Fire (2012).
Donald Alan Schön (September 19, 1930 – September 13, 1997) was an American philosopher and professor in urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He developed the concept of reflective practice and contributed to the theory of organizational learning.
