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Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩, romanized: Šābuhr) was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The precise dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardashir I as co-regent until the death of the latter in 242.
- Youth & Rise to Power
- Administration & Religious Tolerance
- War with Rome
- Shapur I & Odaenathus
- Conclusion
Shapur I had at least two brothers but seems to have been the favorite of his father from an early age. Ardashir I was the vassal of the Parthian king Artabanus IV (sometimes incorrectly cited as Artabanus V) who saw him and his family as trouble-makers. Ardashir's father, Papak, had taken control of the district of Istakhr where the ruins of the g...
Shapur I and his father were great builders whose palaces and temples showed a number of innovations, such as domed entrances and minarets, which became a staple of later Iranian architecture. Along with his principal wife, Azadokht Shahbanu (Shahbanu a title meaning"King's Lady"), Shapur I founded the center of learning and first teaching hospital...
Although Shapur I was an able administrator and ruler whose reign is recorded in glowing phrases by everyone except Roman writers, he thought of himself as a warrior-king first and tried to exemplify this ideal. He took Roman fortresses and cities in Mesopotamia and drove his army on to conquermore territory, greatly enlarging the kingdom he had in...
Rome was in an almost constant state of chaos at this time as one emperor after another proved disappointing to his troops, the Senate, the people, or all three, and was executed in favor of another military commander. During the Crisis of the Third Century, elevating a man to the supreme position of emperor of Rome was almost a death sentence, but...
Following his defeat by Odaenathus, Shapur I focused on domestic issues and warfare with nations on his other borders. He kept a wary peace with Rome but never moved against it again. He continued to encourage a high level of literacy and culture at his court, which was to serve as a model for the rest of the citizens. Matyszak notes how “Persian n...
- Joshua J. Mark
Learn about Shāpūr I, who expanded the Persian empire by defeating Rome and capturing Valerian. Find out his role in Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, and his legacy in architecture and culture.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Shapur-i Shahrvaraz was a Sasanian king of Iran for a brief period in 630. He was the son of Shahrbaraz, the brother of Khosrow II, and the cousin of Azarmidokht, who deposed him.
Jul 20, 2002 · An overview of the life and achievements of Šāpur I, the second Sasanian king of kings (r. 239-70), who co-ruled with his father Ardašir I and fought several wars with Rome. Learn about his name, inscriptions, rock-reliefs, and legacy in Iranian history.
Shapur I was the second King of the Second Persian Empire. The dates of his reign are commonly given as 241-272, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent (together with his father, Ardashir I) prior to his father's death in 241. Shapur built on his father's successes, further extending and consolidating the empire.
May 2, 2024 · By Byron Waldron. IN THE third century AD, monumental sculptures were erected across ancient Iran commemorating a storied triple-victory over the Romans. In one such sculpture, the Iranian king Shapur I, who belonged to the Sasanian dynast y, can be seen riding his horse over the body of a slain Roman emperor.
