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The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction. It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane.
In a scientific context, the zenith is the direction of reference for measuring the zenith angle (or zenith angular distance), the angle between a direction of interest (e.g. a star) and the local zenith - that is, the complement of the altitude angle (or elevation angle).
May 21, 2024 · The zenith angle is the angle between a point of interest and the zenith — the point directly overhead. In a three-dimensional coordinate system, the zenith is the axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
The Zenith Angle ( θz θ z) is the geometric complement of the solar altitude angle. We direct your attention to the use of θ θ here, as the general concept of the angular deviation of the Sun's ray from the normal projection of a surface is called the angle of incidence, θ θ.
Zenith Angle. The zenith angle is defined by (8-61)cosZ=cosϕ cosδsuncoshr+sin δsunsinϕ,where ϕ is latitude, δsun is the declination of the sun (which ranges between +23.5° on 21 June to –23.5° on 22 December),20 and hr is the hour angle (0° ≡ noon). From: International Geophysics, 2002
The zenith angle is the angle between the sun and the vertical. The zenith angle is similar to the elevation angle but it is measured from the vertical rather than from the horizontal, thus making the zenith angle = 90° - elevation.
5 days ago · The zenith angle is an angle measured from the z-axis in spherical coordinates, denoted phi in this work. It is also known as the polar angle and colatitude.
