Pamphlet by Lenin, published in 1902; argues that workers will not spontaneously become political simply by fighting economic battles, and that a vanguard should be formed to spread Marxism among workers; precipitated the Bolshevik–Menshevik split
What Is to Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement is a political pamphlet written by Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902, a development of a "skeleton plan" laid out in an article first published in early 1901. Its title is taken from the 1863 novel of the same name by the Russian revolutionary Nikolai Chernyshevsky. Wikipedia