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In 1910, Benares became a full-fledged state of India. [5] The state was merged in India after India's independence in 1947, but even today the Kashi Naresh (the titular ruler) is highly respected by the people of Varanasi. [6] The Ruler of Benaras was the state's religious head and the people of Benares considered him to have been ...
The region eventually ceded by the Nawab of Oudh to the Benares State, a subordinate of the East India Company, in 1775, who recognised Benares as a family dominion. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] In 1791 under the rule of the British, resident Jonathan Duncan founded a Sanskrit College in Varanasi . [ 64 ]
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Varanasi, city, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located on the left bank of the Ganges (Ganga) River and is one of the seven sacred cities of Hinduism. Pop. (2001) city, 1,091,918; urban agglom., 1,203,961; (2011) city, 1,198,491; urban agglom., 1,432,280.
Varanasi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the first major urban settlements in the middle Ganges valley. By the 2nd millennium bce Varanasi was a seat of Vedic religion and philosophy and was also a commercial and industrial centre famous for its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculpture. It was the capital of the kingdom of Kashi during the time of the Buddha (6th century bce), who gave his first sermon nearby at Sarnath. Varanasi remained a centre of religious, educational, and artistic activities as attested by the celebrated Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang, who visited it about 635 ce and said that the city extended for about 3 miles (5 km) along the western bank of the Ganges.
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Varanasi subsequently declined during three centuries of Muslim occupation, beginning in 1194. Many of the city’s Hindu temples were destroyed during the period of Muslim rule, and learned scholars fled to other parts of the country. The Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century brought some relief to the city’s religious and cultural activities. There was another setback during the reign of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the late 17th century, but later the Marathas sponsored a new revival. Varanasi became an independent kingdom in the 18th century, and under the subsequent British rule it remained a commercial and religious centre.
Varanasi has the finest river frontage in India, with miles of ghats, or steps, for religious bathing; an array of shrines, temples, and palaces rises tier on tier from the water’s edge. The inner streets of the city are narrow, winding, and impassable for motor traffic; the newer outer suburbs are more spacious and are laid out more systematically. The sacred city is bounded by a road known as Panchakosi; devout Hindus hope to walk that road and visit the city once in a lifetime and, if possible, to die there in old age. The site receives more than a million pilgrims each year. In addition, thousands of domestic and foreign tourists flock to the city annually, and tourism-related activities constitute a significant component of the local economy.
Among the city’s numerous temples, the most-venerated are those of Vishvanatha (Vishwanath), dedicated to Shiva; that of Sankatmochana (Sankat Mochan), dedicated to the monkey-god Hanuman; and that of Durga. The Durga Temple is famous for the swarms of monkeys that inhabit the large trees near it. The Great Mosque of Aurangzeb is another prominent religious building. Two of the more important modern temples are those of Tulasi Manas and the Vishvanatha on the campus of the Banaras Hindu University. The Gyanvapi Mosque, adjacent to the modern Vishvanatha temple, became a source of contention in the late 20th century, as some Hindus pushed to restore the temple that had been destroyed on that site in the 17th century. The city has hundreds of other temples. At Sarnath, a few miles north of Varanasi, there are ruins of ancient Buddhist monasteries and temples as well as temples built by the Maha Bodhi Society and by the Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan Buddhists.
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Varanasi has been a city of Hindu learning through the ages. There are innumerable schools and countless Brahman pandits (learned scholars), who are responsible for the continuation of traditional learning. There are three universities, including the large and important Banaras Hindu University (1915), and more than a dozen colleges and high schools.
The city is a centre of arts and crafts and of music and dance. Varanasi is famous for its production of silks and brocades with gold and silver thread work. A renowned carpet-weaving centre is at Bhadoi. Wooden toys, bangles made of glass, ivory work, and brassware are also produced in Varanasi.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sachindra Nath Sanyal pronunciation ⓘ (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an Indian revolutionary and co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India.
The kings governing Varanasi maintained power and importance even during the British Raj, including the Maharaja of Benares, as the people there called him. The Mughals granted official status to the Kingdom of Benares in 1737.
Mar 30, 2023 · Varanasi, also known as Benares or Kashi, is a city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, and its history can be traced back to the time of Buddha, over 2500 years ago.
Varanasi, also known as Kashi or Benares, is one of the oldest cities in India and is situated in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the Ganges River, which is considered to be one of the holiest rivers in India.
